What are Cannabinoids? –  What Do They Do?

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Estimated reading time: 10 minutes

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Introduction: Understanding Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are a group of chemical compounds in the cannabis plant. They interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and overall well-being. While the cannabis plant contains numerous varieties of them, the most well-known are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

Cannabinoids have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic benefits. They have been studied for their effects on various health conditions, including pain management, anxiety, and epilepsy. Understanding cannabinoids and their functions is essential for anyone interested in exploring their potential and uses.

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Types of Cannabinoids – Phytocannabinoids

A phytocannabinoid is a type that is made by plants. The word “phyto-” shows that it comes from plants. Most phytocannabinoids come from the cannabis plant, which includes both marijuana and hemp. These chemicals are made by the plant's fleshy trichomes. These are small, sticky structures that can be found on the flowers and leaves of cannabis.

Both people and other animals have a system called the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is very important for controlling many bodily functions, such as mood, hunger, how we feel pain, and how our immune system works. When phytocannabinoids are eaten or put on the skin, they attach to cannabinoid receptors in the body. This changes how these processes work and may have therapeutic benefits.

Let's talk about some of the most famous ones!

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

THC is the most famous psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis. It is responsible for the “high” or euphoric sensation associated with marijuana use. THC binds to receptors in the brain and nervous system, leading to various effects on mood, cognition, and perception. Apart from its psychoactive properties, THC also has potential therapeutic applications, such as pain relief and appetite stimulation. THC as a cancer treatment is well documented and are part of medicinal cannabis cancer treatment in countries/places where it is legal. THC “makes the cancer cells commit suicide” and can help cure some forms of cancer.

Cannabidiol (CBD)

CBD is also well-known. It has gained significant popularity in recent years. Unlike THC, CBD is not psychoactive, meaning it does not induce a “high” feeling. CBD interacts with different receptors in the body, including serotonin receptors, which may explain its potential anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

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Cannabigerol (CBG)

CBG is a lesser-known cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. It is considered mother of all cannabinoids. It is a precursor to THC and CBD, as the plant synthesizes CBG first before converting it into these two more well-known compounds. While research on CBG is limited, it shows promise in potentially helping anxiety and depression, reducing inflammation and acting as a neuroprotective agent.

Cannabinol (CBN)

CBN (Cannabinol) forms when THC ages or undergoes oxidation. It is known for its sedative effects and is often associated with inducing sleepiness. While CBN is not as well-studied as THC or CBD, preliminary research suggests it may have potential in promoting sleep and relieving pain.

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Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC)

Hexahydrocannabinol, which is another name for HHC, is a minor cannabinoid that is found in small amounts in cannabis. It has the same chemical structure as THC, but it has some different qualities. Through a process called “hydrogenation,” which involves adding hydrogen to the THC molecule, HHC is made. This makes the THC molecule more stable and less likely to break down.

When taken in, HHC can have effects similar to those of THC, though the strength of HHC in commercial products can change. Users have said that their effects ranged from delta 8 THC to delta 9 THC.

There isn't much information out there about drug tests. It is not known if HHC breaks down into a substance that is often tested for in drug screens. So, if you are worried about a drug test, it is best to be careful.

Even though there have been some interesting studies on HHC, it is still not clear what its medical benefits are. Research has shown that it might be able to fight cancer and stop pain, but more research is needed to figure out how effective it could be as a medicine.

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How Cannabinoids Interact with the Body

Cannabinoids interact with the body through the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS consists of receptors, endocannabinoids (naturally produced by the body), and enzymes responsible for synthesizing and degrading these compounds. The two primary receptors in the ECS are CB1 and CB2 receptors.

When cannabinoids enter the body, they bind to these receptors, influencing various physiological processes. CB1 receptors are primarily located in the central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are predominantly found in the immune system and peripheral tissues.

The Endocannabinoid System

The endocannabinoid system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. It helps regulate numerous processes, including sleep, mood, appetite, immune response, and pain perception. The ECS consists of endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes that work together to ensure proper functioning and balance. Creating homeostasis.

Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are naturally produced by the body. They bind to cannabinoid receptors, activating various physiological responses. When the body's endocannabinoid system is imbalanced, supplementing with external cannabinoids like THC or CBD can potentially restore equilibrium and alleviate certain symptoms.

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Health Benefits of Cannabinoids

Research suggests that cannabinoids, particularly CBD, may have several potential health benefits. While further studies are needed to establish their efficacy, cannabinoids have shown promise in the following areas:

1. Pain Management: Cannabinoids, especially CBD, may help reduce pain and inflammation associated with conditions like arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
2. Anxiety and Depression: CBD has been studied for its potential anti-anxiety and antidepressant properties, offering a natural alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals.
3. Epilepsy: CBD has gained recognition for its anticonvulsant properties, showing promise in reducing seizures in certain forms of epilepsy, such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
4. Neurological Disorders: Cannabinoids have been investigated for their potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
5. Cancer-related Symptoms: Some cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, may help alleviate symptoms related to cancer treatment, such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

More from our blog:

• CBD Oil for Back Pain
• CBG The New Cannabinoid
• Difference between CBD and CBG oil?
• Can CBD oil boost your Immune System?

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Common Uses of Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are used in various forms, including:

• Medical Marijuana: In places where medicinal cannabis is legal, THC-rich products are prescribed to patients for managing pain, nausea, muscle spasms, and other symptoms.
• CBD Products: CBD derived from hemp is widely available in the form of oils, tinctures, capsules, and topicals. These products are used for their potential therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC.
• Synthetic Cannabinoids: Some pharmaceuticals contain synthetic cannabinoids, such as Marinol and Cesamet, which are prescribed for specific medical conditions.

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Side Effects and Risks

While cannabinoids may offer potential benefits, it's important to be aware of the possible side effects and risks associated with their use. Some common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, and changes in appetite. Additionally, THC can impair coordination and cognitive function, so caution should be exercised when operating machinery or driving.

Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders or a history of psychiatric disorders, should consult with a healthcare professional before using cannabinoids. Moreover, it is crucial to source cannabinoids from reputable sources to ensure product quality and safety.

More about CBD side effects here

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Conclusion

Cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, are chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant. They interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, which regulates various physiological processes. While THC is known for its psychoactive effects, CBD offers potential therapeutic benefits without inducing a high.

They have shown promise in pain management, anxiety reduction, epilepsy treatment, and other health conditions. However, it is essential to consult with a doctor and adhere to local regulations when considering the use of cannabinoids. With further research and understanding, cannabinoids may continue to offer new avenues for improving health and well-being.

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The Real CBD Cannabinoid-rich products

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